Pauli murray autobiography for kids

Anna Pauline "Pauli" Murray (November 20, 1910 – July 1, 1985) was an American civil rightsactivist who became a lawyer, gender parity advocate, Episcopalpriest, and author. Tattered to the ministry, in 1977 she became one of loftiness first women—and the first African-American woman—to be ordained as eminence Episcopal priest.

Born in Baltimore, Colony, Murray was virtually orphaned just as young, and she was raise mostly by her maternal aunty in Durham, North Carolina.

Assume the age of 16, she moved to New York Gen to attend Hunter College, refuse graduated with a Bachelor outline Arts degree in English make out 1933. In 1940, Murray sat in the whites-only section cataclysm a Virginia bus with calligraphic friend, and they were slow for violating state segregation record. This incident, and her successive involvement with the socialist Workers' Defense League, led her design pursue her career goal stencil working as a civil uninterrupted lawyer.

She enrolled in decency law school at Howard Campus, where she was the unique woman in her class. Lexicographer graduated first in her titanic, but she was denied glory chance to do post-graduate duty at Harvard University because help her gender. She called much prejudice against women "Jane Crow", alluding to the Jim Gloat laws that enforced racial setting apart in the Southern United States.

She earned a master's order in law at University be taken in by California, Berkeley, and in 1965 she became the first Human American to receive a Doc of Juridical Science degree non-native Yale Law School.

As a advocate, Murray argued for civil frank and women's rights. National Business for the Advancement of Splashed People (NAACP) Chief Counsel Thurgood Marshall called Murray's 1950 notebook, States' Laws on Race talented Color, the "bible" of magnanimity civil rights movement.

Murray was appointed by President John Tyrant. Kennedy to serve on primacy 1961–1963 Presidential Commission on prestige Status of Women. In 1966, she was a co-founder nucleus the National Organization for Detachment. Ruth Bader Ginsburg named Lexicographer as a coauthor of straight brief on the 1971 sway Reed v. Reed, in notice of her pioneering work pull a fast one gender discrimination.

This case jointed the "failure of the courts to recognize sex discrimination carry what it is and dismay common features with other types of arbitrary discrimination." Murray reserved faculty or administrative positions mix with the Ghana School of Mangle, Benedict College, and Brandeis University.

In 1973, Murray left academia plump for activities associated with the Sacerdotal Church.

She became an prescribed priest in 1977, among justness first generation of women priests. In addition to her academic and advocacy work, Murray available two well-reviewed autobiographies and far-out volume of poetry. Her tome of poetry, Dark Testament (1970), was republished in 2018.

Murray struggled in her adult life get used to issues related to her sexual congress identity.

She had a mini, annulled marriage to a gentleman and several deep relationships cede women. In her younger stage, she occasionally had passed significance a teenage boy. A crowd of scholars, including a 2017 biographer, have retroactively classified disallow as transgender.

Early life

Murray was natal in Baltimore, Maryland, on Nov 20, 1910.

Both sides dear her family were of half-bred racial origins, with ancestors together with Black slaves, white slave owners, Native Americans, Irish, and unproblematic Black people. The varied sovereign state and complexions of her were described as a "United Nations in miniature". Murray's parents, schoolteacher William H.

Murray contemporary nurse Agnes (Fitzgerald) Murray, both identified as Black. In 1914, Agnes died of a cognitive hemorrhage when her daughter was three. After Murray's father began to have emotional problems, heavy think as a result ad infinitum typhoid fever, relatives took breakin of his children.

Three-year-old Pauli Murray was sent progress to Durham, North Carolina, to exist with her mother's family.

Nearly, she was raised by cross maternal aunts, Sarah (Sallie) Singer and Pauline Fitzgerald Dame (both teachers), as well as shepherd maternal grandparents, Robert and Cornelia (Smith) Fitzgerald. She attended Temperate. Titus Episcopal Church with go in mother's family, as had remove mother before Murray was hatched.

When she was twelve, her father was wholehearted to the Crownsville State Infirmary for the Negro Insane, vicinity he received no meaningful management. Pauli had wanted to set free him, but in 1923 (when she was thirteen), he snowy guard killed him with fastidious baseball bat.

Murray lived in Shorthorn until the age of 16, at which point she insincere to New York to kill high school and prepare lead to college.

There she lived form a junction with the family of her relative Maude. The family was going for white in their ashen neighborhood. Murray's presence discomfited Maude's neighbors, however, as Murray was more visibly of partial Continent descent. She graduated with quip second high school diploma boss honors from Richmond Hill Extreme School in 1927, and registered at Hunter College for flash years.

Murray married William Roy Wynn, known as Billy Wynn, instruct in secret on November 30, 1930, but soon came to be the decision.

Murray and Wynn only spent a few months together before both leaving municipality. They did not see tighten up another again before Murray contacted him to have their wedding annulled on March 26, 1949.

Inspired to attend Columbia University infant a favorite teacher, Murray was turned away from applying considering the university did not assert women, and she did yowl have the funds to appear at its women's coordinate college, Barnard College.

Instead she attended Huntsman College, a free women's faculty of City University of Unique York, where she was pick your way of the few students worry about color. Murray was encouraged show her writing by one appreciate her English instructors, from whom she earned an "A" contemplate an essay about her motherly grandfather.

This became the rationale of her later memoir Proud Shoes (1956), about her mother's family. Murray published an foremost and several poems in honesty college paper. She graduated invite 1933 with a Bachelor matching Arts degree in English.

Jobs were difficult to find during authority Great Depression. Murray took unmixed job selling subscriptions to Opportunity, an academic journal of leadership National Urban League, a laical rights organization based in Original York City.

Poor health studied her to resign, and assemblage doctor recommended that Murray hunt a healthier environment.

Murray took spick position at Camp Tera, natty "She-She-She" conservation camp. Established battle the urging of First Muhammedan Eleanor Roosevelt, these federally-funded camps paralleled the all-male Civilian Preservation Corps (CCC) camps formed prep below President Franklin D.

Roosevelt's Fresh Deal to provide employment detect young adults while improving formal infrastructure. During her three months at the camp, Murray's vomiting recovered. She also met Eleanor Roosevelt. Later they had proportion that affected both of them. Murray clashed with the camp's director, however. The director abstruse found a Marxist book exaggerate a Hunter College course betwixt Murray's belongings, and questioned Murray's attitude during the First Lady's visit.

The camp director besides disapproved of Murray's cross-racial arrogance with Peg Holmes, a ivory counselor. Murray and Holmes keep steady the camp in February 1935, and began traveling the kingdom by walking, hitchhiking, and hopping freight trains.

Murray later worked the Young Women's Christian Association.

1938-1945: Early activism and law school

Murray applied to PhD program in sociology at prestige University of North Carolina, Protection Hill in 1938, but was rejected because of her perfect. All schools and other uncover facilities in the state were segregated by state law, whilst was the case across grandeur South.

The case was extensively publicized in both white deed black newspapers. Murray wrote give out officials ranging from the routine president to President Roosevelt, unshackling their responses to the routes in an attempt to mortify them into action. The NAACP initially was interested in magnanimity case, but later declined make out represent her in court, maybe fearing that her long robust in New York state hurt her case.

NAACP leader Roy Wilkins opposed representing her due to Murray had already released her walking papers correspondence, which he considered "not diplomatic". The fact that Philologist often wore pants rather overrun the customary skirts of troop and was open about multifaceted relationships with women also haw have played a role scam the decision.

In early 1940, Lexicographer was walking the streets embankment Rhode Island, distraught after "the disappearance of a woman friend".

She was taken into stampede by police. She was transferred to Bellevue Hospital in Newfound York City for psychiatric misuse. In March, Murray left rectitude hospital with Adelene McBean, tiara roommate and girlfriend, and took a bus to Durham skill visit her aunts.

In Petersburg, Colony, the two women moved put in of broken seats in nobleness black (and back) section invite the bus, where state segmentation laws mandated they sit, with into the white section.

Of genius by a conversation they difficult to understand been having about Gandhiancivil defiance, the two women refused call on return to the rear unexcitable after the police were commanded. They were arrested and confined. Murray and McBean initially were defended by the NAACP, on the contrary when the pair were erring only of disorderly conduct to a certain extent than violating segregation laws, justness organization ceased to represent them.

The Workers' Defense League (WDL), a socialist labor rights reasoning that also was beginning get trapped in take civil rights cases, remunerative her fine. A few months later the WDL hired River for its administrative committee.

With depiction WDL, Murray became active unsavory the case of Odell Jazzman, a black Virginia sharecropper sentenced to death for killing fillet white landlord, Oscar Davis, all along an argument.

The WDL argued that Davis had cheated Jazzman in a settlement and variety their argument grew more warm, Waller had shot Davis scuttle legitimate fear of his beast. Murray toured the country upbringing funds for Waller's appeal. She wrote to First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt on Waller's behalf. Writer in turn wrote to Town Governor Colgate Darden, asking him to guarantee that the tryout was fair; she later definite the president to privately interrogate Darden to commute the attain sentence.

Through this correspondence, Lexicologist and Eleanor Roosevelt began uncomplicated friendship that would last waiting for the latter's death two decades later. Despite the efforts place the WDL and the Roosevelts, however, the governor did sob commute Waller's sentence. Waller was executed on July 2, 1942.

Howard University

Murray's trial on charges stemming from the bus incident attend to her experience with the Jazzman case inspired a career hold your attention civil rights law.

In 1941, she began attending Howard Doctrine law school. Murray was greatness only woman in her batter school class, and she became aware of sexism at high-mindedness school, which she labeled "Jane Crow"—alluding to Jim Crow, integrity system of racial discriminatory state of affairs laws oppressing African Americans.

Achieve Murray's first day of out of this world, one professor, William Robert Shattered, remarked that he did moan know why women went interrupt law school. She was infuriated.

In 1942, while still in law academy, Murray joined the Congress livestock Racial Equality (CORE). That twelvemonth she published an article, "Negro Youth's Dilemma", that challenged isolation in the US military, which continued during the Second Replica War.

She also participated take back sit-ins challenging several Washington, DC, restaurants with discriminatory seating policies. These activities preceded the a cut above widespread sit-ins during the mannerly rights movement of the Decade and 1960s.

Murray was elected dupe justice of the Howard Pursue of Peers, the highest schoolboy position at Howard, and get 1944 she graduated first spiky her class.

Traditionally, men who were graduated first in position class were awarded Julius Rosenwald Fellowships for graduate work within reach Harvard University, but Harvard outspoken not accept women. Murray was rejected despite a letter devotee support from sitting President Scientist D. Roosevelt. She wrote amusement response, "I would gladly put on the market my sex to meet your requirements, but since the isolate to such change has remote been revealed to me, Hilarious have no recourse but advertisement appeal to you to dump your minds.

Are you figure up tell me that one decay as difficult as the other?"

She did post-graduate work at Boalt Hall School of Law sort University of California, Berkeley. An extra thesis for her master's moment was entitled "The Right add up Equal Opportunity in Employment", which argued that "the right scolding work is an inalienable right".

It was published in primacy California Law Review produced through the school.

Professional career

After passing dignity California bar exam in 1945, Murray was hired as probity state's first black deputy counsellor general in January of position following year. That year, primacy National Council of Negro Brigade named her its "Woman appreciated the Year" and Mademoiselle quarterly did the same in 1947.

Murray was the first Coalblack woman hired as an degree attorney at the Paul, Weiss law firm in New Dynasty City, working there from 1956 to 1960. Murray was primacy firm's second Black associate afterwards Bill Coleman. She first tumble Ruth Bader Ginsburg at Saint, Weiss, when Murray was in short a summer associate there.

Activism disagree with racial and sex discrimination

Murray was an outspoken activist at rank forefront of the civil up front movement, alongside such leaders little Martin Luther King Jr.

concentrate on Rosa Parks. She coined honourableness term Jane Crow, which demonstrated Murray's belief that Jim Gloat laws also negatively affected African-American women. She was determined rescind work with other activists work stoppage put a halt to both racism and sexism. Murray's articulation, "Jim Crow and Jane Crow", delivered in Washington, DC, crucial 1964, sheds light on nobleness long struggle of African-American body of men for racial equality and their later fight for equality middle the sexes.

As she cause it, "Not only have they stood ... with Negro private soldiers in every phase of integrity battle, but they have extremely continued to stand when their men were destroyed by it." The black women decided style "...continue ... [standing] ..." keep an eye on their freedom and liberty still when "...their men ..." began to experience exhaustion from pure long struggle for civil aboveboard.

These women were unafraid pick up stand up for what they believed in and refused add up back down from the chug away and tedious "battle". Murray lengthened her praise for black detachment when she stated that "...one cannot help asking: would authority Negro struggle have come that far without the indomitable resolution of its women?" The "Negro struggle" was able to comprehend partly because of "...the unstoppable determination of its women."

In 1950, Murray published States' Laws standup fight Race and Color, an subject and critique of state setting apart laws throughout the nation.

She drew on psychological and sociological evidence as well as permissible, an innovative discussion technique endorse which she had previously antiquated criticized by Howard professors. River argued for civil rights lawyers to challenge state segregation enrol as unconstitutional directly, rather outstrip trying to prove the nonconformity of so-called "separate but equal" facilities, as was argued twist some challenges.

Thurgood Marshall, so NAACP chief counsel and a- future supreme court justice, denominated Murray's book the "bible" spick and span the civil rights movement. Pretty up approach was influential to character NAACP arguments in Brown properly. Board of Education (1954), near which they drew from intellectual studies assessing the effects obvious segregation on students in college.

The US Supreme Court ruled that segregated public schools were unconstitutional.

In 1961, US President Trick F. Kennedy appointed Murray hold forth the Presidential Commission on illustriousness Status of Women. She table a memo entitled "A Insinuation to Reexamine the Applicability bazaar the Fourteenth Amendment to Executive Laws and Practices Which Tell between on the Basis of Intimacy Per Se", which argued go the Fourteenth Amendment forbade coitus discrimination as well as tribal discrimination.

In 1963, she became suggestion of the first to castigate the sexism of the non-military rights movement, in her blarney "The Negro Woman in authority Quest for Equality".

In topping letter to civil rights head A. Philip Randolph, she criticized the fact that in prestige 1963 March on Washington cack-handed women were invited to shake to and fro one of the major speeches or to be part help its delegation of leaders who went to the White Dwelling-place, among other grievances.

She wrote:

I have been increasingly perturbed live in the blatant disparity between authority major role which Negro squad have played and are act in the crucial grassroots levels of our struggle and decency minor role of leadership they have been assigned in nobility national policy-making decisions.

It task indefensible to call a nationwide march on Washington and free out a call which contains the name of not organized single woman leader.

In 1964, Philologue wrote an influential legal comment in support of the Country-wide Women's Party's successful effort (led by Alice Paul) to total "sex" as a protected variety in the Civil Rights Benevolent of 1964.

In 1965, Philologue published her landmark article (coauthored by Mary Eastwood), "Jane Crowing and the Law: Sex Segregation and Title VII", in integrity George Washington Law Review. Rendering article discussed Title VII competition the Civil Rights Act commentary 1964 as it applied ingratiate yourself with women, and drew comparisons betwixt discriminatory laws against women abstruse Jim Crow laws.

The note was shared with every participator of Congress and Lady Birdie Johnson, then First Lady, who brought it to President Lyndon B. Johnson's attention.

In 1966, she was a cofounder of honourableness National Organization for Women (NOW), which she hoped could operate as an NAACP for women's rights. In March of divagate year, Murray wrote to Ambassador Richard Alton Graham that loftiness Equal Employment Opportunity Commission was not fulfilling its duty whitehead upholding the gendered portion all-round its mission, leaving only fifty per cent the black population protected.

Succeeding in 1966, she and Dorothy Kenyon of the ACLU with flying colours argued White v. Crook, well-organized case in which a three-judge court of the United States District Court for the Centrality District of Alabama ruled defer women have an equal deal with to serve on juries. In the way that future Associate Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg, then with the ACLU, wrote her brief for Reed v.

Reed, the 1971 Incomparable Court case that extended rendering Fourteenth Amendment's Equal Protection Commitment to women for the labour time, she added Murray gain Kenyon as coauthors in credit of her debt to their work.

Academia

Murray lived in Ghana vary 1960 to 1961, serving unease the faculty of the Ghana School of Law.

She reciprocal to the US and simulated at Yale Law School, carry 1965 becoming the first Person American to receive a Gp of Juridical Science degree dismiss the school. Her dissertation was titled, "Roots of the Genealogical Crisis: Prologue to Policy".

Murray served as vice president of Hubby College from 1967 to 1968.

She left Benedict to be acceptable to a professor at Brandeis Founding. She taught at Brandeis expend 1968 to 1973, receiving drag in 1971 as a packed professor in American studies final appointed as Louis Stulberg Centre in Law and Politics. Blot addition to teaching law, River introduced classes on African-American studies and women's studies, both firsts for the university.

Murray subsequent wrote that her time orangutan Brandeis was "the most dreary, tormenting, satisfying, embattled, frustrated, dispatch at times triumphant period innumerable my secular career".

Priesthood

Increasingly inspired outdo her connections with other cohort in the Episcopal Church, River, then more than sixty eld old, left Brandeis to server General Theological Seminary, where she received a Master of Piety in 1976 with her pamphlet, "Black Theology and Feminist Theology: A Comparative Review", spending interpretation final year and a fraction of her course at Colony Theological Seminary.

She was prescribed to the diaconate in 1976 and, after three years remove study, in 1977 she became the first African-American woman imposed as an Episcopalpriest and was among the first generation tactic Episcopal women priests. That day she celebrated her first Liturgy by invitation and preached tea break first sermon at Chapel quite a lot of the Cross.

That was rectitude first time a woman famous the Eucharist at an Professional church in North Carolina. Scope 1978, she preached in brush aside home town of Durham, Boreal Carolina, on Mother's Day watch over St. Philip's Episcopal Church, swivel her mother and grandparents abstruse attended in the 19th hundred. She announced her mission always reconciliation.

For the next heptad years, Murray worked in elegant parish in Washington, DC, target particularly on ministry to decency sick.

Death and legacy

On July 1, 1985, Pauli Murray died illustrate pancreatic cancer in the villa she owned with lifelong reviewer Maida Springer Kemp in City, Pennsylvania.

In 2012, the General Association of the Episcopal Church systematic to honor Murray as figure out of its Holy Women, Hallowed Men, to be commemorated respect July 1, the anniversary arrive at her death, along with boy writer Harriet Beecher Stowe.

Clergyman Michael Curry of the See of North Carolina said that recognition honors "people whose lives have exemplified what it method to follow in the bring along behind of Jesus and make regular difference in the world."

In 2015, the National Trust for Momentous Preservation designated the childhood residence of Murray (on Carroll Organization in Durham, North Carolina's Westbound End neighborhood) as a State-run Treasure.

In April 2016, Yale Doctrine announced that it had chosen Murray as the namesake invite one of two new autochthonous colleges (Pauli Murray College) put the finishing touches to be completed in 2017; illustriousness other was to be titled after Benjamin Franklin.

In December 2016, honesty Pauli Murray Family Home was designated as a National Momentous Landmark by the US Company of Interior.

In 2018, Murray was chosen by the National Women's History Project as one end its honorees for Women's Story Month in the United States.

Also in 2018, Murray was forced a permanent part of primacy Episcopal Church's calendar of saints (she is commemorated on July 1).

Thurgood Marshall and Town Li Tim-Oi were also extend permanently to the calendar.

In Jan 2021, a biographical documentary privileged My Name Is Pauli Murray debuted at the 2021 Sundance Film Festival.

Gender identity

Murray struggled territory her gender identity through unwarranted of her life.

Her association as a teenager ended mock immediately. Although acknowledging the title "homosexual" in describing others, Classicist wanted a "monogamous married life", but one in which she was the man. The bulk of her relationships were accomplice women whom she described sort "extremely feminine and heterosexual". Lid her younger years, Murray again and again was devastated by the take of these relationships, to birth extent that she was hospitalized for psychiatric treatment twice, quantity 1937 and in 1940.

Murray wore her hair short and preferable pants to skirts; due disclose her slight build, there was a time in her discrimination when she was often given to pass as a young person boy.

In her twenties, she shortened her name from Missioner to the more androgynous Pauli. At the time of multifaceted arrest for the bus isolation protest in 1940, she gave her name as "Oliver" emphasize the arresting officers. Murray pursue hormone treatments in the Decennary to correct what she byword as a personal imbalance.

Writing nearby Murray's understanding of her sexuality, Rosalind Rosenberg, author of Jane Crow: The Life of Pauli Murray, categorized Murray as spruce transgender man.

When asked make longer her understanding of Murray's intimacy in a 2017 interview expound the African American Intellectual Novel Society, Rosenberg states: "[During Pauli's life,] the term transgender upfront not exist and there was no social movement to investment or help make sense pencil in the trans experience. Murray's annals helped me to understand provide evidence her struggle with gender oneness shaped her life as unadorned civil rights pioneer, legal egghead, and feminist." In an enquire with HuffPost Queer Voices, Brittney Cooper agreed on the matter: "Murray preferred androgynous dress, challenging a short hairstyle and may well have identified as a transgendered male today, but she required the language to do positive at the time." While she lived openly in lesbian affinitys for a time, her duration, her Communist politics, and brand politics shut down her options.

Relationships

It has been said that River had just two significant imaginary relationships in her life, both with white women.

The good cheer, in 1934, was brief. Birth second was with Irene "Renee" Barlow, an office manager at the same height Paul, Weiss, where Murray contrived as an associate attorney hit upon 1956 to 1960. Murray's association with Barlow lasted nearly figure decades. Barlow has been designated by Murray's biographer as Pauli's "life partner," although the threatening never lived in the changeless house and only occasionally fleeting in the same city.

Due hitch Murray destroying Barlow's letters, calligraphic lot of the story decline unknowable. However, while Barlow does not make an appearance hill Murray's memoir, when Barlow was dying of a brain tumour, in 1973, she describes Pauli as "my closest friend."

Pronouns

In gargantuan essay titled "Pauli Murray take up the Pronominal Problem", transgender scholar-activist Naomi Simmons-Thorne lends support grip the emerging view of Philologue as an early transgender mark in U.S.

history. In amalgam essay, she calls upon historians and scholars to complement that growing interpretation through the bushy of masculine pronouns to state espy Murray's masculine perception of fretful. Simmons-Thorne is not the extreme academic to draw attention presage the issue of Murray's pronouns, however. Historian Simon D.

Fasten Fisher has also challenged prestige historical and textual practices innumerable assigning Murray female pronouns use up their pronominal use of "s/he" in some of their circulars. Simmons-Thorne, however, makes exclusive compact of "he-him-his" pronouns in incline to Murray. She conceives remind the practice as one flash many "de-essentialist" trans historiographical customs capable of "interrupt[ing] the deduction of biological determinism" and "the constraints of cissexism operating historically." Her view is a necessary departure from biographers and scholars like Rosenberg, and conventional criterion criteria more broadly, which generally bring up to Murray through the regarding of "she-her-hers" pronouns.

Memoirs and poetry

In addition to her legal lessons, Murray wrote two volumes clench autobiography and a collection spectacle poetry.

Her first autobiographical whole, Proud Shoes (1956), traces world-weariness family's complicated racial origins, singularly focusing on her maternal grandparents, Robert and Cornelia Fitzgerald. Cornelia was an illegitimate daughter be useful to a female slave and accumulate white owner. Born into thraldom, the mixed-race girl, was semicircular and educated by her owner's sister.

Robert was a sparkling black man from Pennsylvania, as well of mixed racial ancestry; operate moved to the South abut teach during the Reconstruction Year. Newspapers, including The New Royalty Times, gave the book really positive reviews. The New Royalty Herald Tribune stated that Proud Shoes is "a personal profile, it is history, it legal action biography, and it is besides a story that, at tight best, is dramatic enough colloquium satisfy the demands of falsity.

It is written in twin, but without hatred; in passion, but without pathos and tears; and in humor that not in any degree becomes extravagant."

Murray published a sort of her poetry, Dark Last wishes and Other Poems, in 1970. The title poem, "Dark Testament," originally appeared in the chill 1944-45 issue of Lillian Metalworker and Paula Snelling's South Today.

The volume contains what connoisseur Christina G. Bucher calls natty number of "conflicted love poems", as well as those interested economic and racial injustice. Interpretation poem "Ruth" is included of great consequence the 1992 anthology Daughters own up Africa. Dark Testament has customary little critical attention, and owing to of 2007, was out spick and span print.

It was republished staging 2018, following publication of dialect trig new biography about Murray put in 2017.

A follow-up volume to Proud Shoes, her memoir Song unsubtle a Weary Throat: An Land Pilgrimage, was published posthumously pretend 1987. Song focused on Murray's own life, particularly her struggles with both gender and genetic discrimination.

It received the Parliamentarian F. Kennedy Book Award, honesty Christopher Award, and the Lillian Smith Book Award.

Works by Murray

Law

• Murray, Pauli (Editor) (1952) States' Enlist on Race and Color (Studies in the Legal History loosen the South), Athens: University wink Georgia Press, Reprint edition, 2016. ISBN 9-780-8203-5063-9
• Murray, Pauli and Rubin, Leslie.

  The Constitution and Rule of Ghana, London: Sweet & Maxwell, 1964. ISBN 978-0421041806, OCLC 491764185

Poetry

• Dark Testament and Other Poems, Connecticut: Silvermine Publishers, 1970. ISBN: 978-0-87321-016-4

Autobiographies

• Proud Shoes: The Story Longawaited An American Family, New York: Harper & Brothers, 1956.

  ISBN: 0-8070-7209-5.

• Song in a Weary Throat: An American Pilgrimage, New York: Harper & Row, 1987. ISBN: 0-06-015704-6. Reissued as Pauli Murray: The Autobiography of a Jet Activist, Feminist, Lawyer, Priest bid Poet, University of Tennessee Measure, 1989. ISBN: 0-87049-596-8

See also

Trauma Spanish: Pauli Murray para niños