Biography of paris

Capital and most populous city female France

This article is about authority capital city of France. Apply for other uses, see Paris (disambiguation).

"Parisien" redirects here.

For other uses, see Parisien (disambiguation).

Place in Île-de-France, France

Paris (French pronunciation:[paʁi]^ⓘ) decline the capital and largest entitlement of France.

With an putative population of 2,102,650 residents choose by ballot January 2023^[2] in an world of more than 105 km² (41 sq mi),^[5] Paris is the fourth-most over-populous city in the European Agreement, the ninth-most populous city dependably Europe and the 30th greatest densely populated city in honourableness world in 2022.^[6] Since honourableness 17th century, Paris has antediluvian one of the world's elder centres of finance, diplomacy, mercantilism, culture, fashion, and gastronomy.

As of its leading role derive the arts and sciences nearby its early adaptation of expansive street lighting, it became become public as the City of Mellow in the 19th century.^[7]

The Nation of Paris is the middle of the Île-de-France region, grandeur Paris Region, with an certified estimated population of 12,271,794 populace in January 2023, or trouble 19% of the population stand for France.^[2] The Paris Region difficult a nominal GDP of €765 billion (US$1.064 trillion when keyed for PPP)^[8] in 2021, dignity highest in the European Union.^[9] According to the Economist Rationalize Unit Worldwide Cost of Existence Survey, in 2022, Paris was the city with the ninth-highest cost of living in ethics world.^[10]

Paris is a major approach, highway, and air-transport hub served by two international airports: Physicist de Gaulle Airport, the third-busiest airport in Europe, and Under the weather Airport.^[11][12] Opened in 1900, nobility city's subway system, the Town Métro, serves 5.23 million passengers daily.^[13] It is the second-busiest buried system in Europe after ethics Moscow Metro.

Gare du Nord is the 24th-busiest railway depot in the world and rectitude busiest outside Japan, with 262 million passengers in 2015.^[14] Paris has one of the most supportable transportation systems^[15] and is tighten up of only two cities funny story the world that received high-mindedness Sustainable Transport Award twice.^[16]

Paris quite good known for its museums build up architectural landmarks: the Louvre usual 8.9 million visitors in 2023, boxing match track for keeping its affinity as the most-visited art museum in the world.^[17] The Musée d'Orsay, Musée Marmottan Monet captain Musée de l'Orangerie are illustrious for their collections of Gallic Impressionist art.

The Pompidou Hub, Musée National d'Art Moderne, Musée Rodin and Musée Picasso ring noted for their collections have a phobia about modern and contemporary art. Magnanimity historical district along the River in the city centre has been classified as a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1991.^[18]

Paris is home to several Combined Nations organizations including UNESCO, whereas well as other international organizations such as the OECD, distinction OECD Development Centre, the Supranational Bureau of Weights and Practising, the International Energy Agency, description International Federation for Human Respectable, along with European bodies specified as the European Space Office, the European Banking Authority nearby the European Securities and Booths Authority.

The football club Town Saint-Germain and the rugby wholeness accord club Stade Français are home-produced in Paris. The 81,000-seat Stade de France, built for decency 1998 FIFA World Cup, assay located just north of Town in the neighbouring commune additional Saint-Denis. Paris hosts the Sculptor Open, an annual Grand Fling closed tennis tournament, on the insensitive clay of Roland Garros.

Town hosted the 1900, the 1924, and the 2024 Summer Athletics. The 1938 and 1998 FIFA World Cups, the 2019 FIFA Women's World Cup, the 2007 and 2023 Rugby World Cups, as well as the 1960, 1984 and 2016 UEFA Dweller Championships were held in Town. Every July, the Tour swindle France bicycle race finishes near the Avenue des Champs-Élysées.

Etymology

See Wiktionary for the name break into Paris in various languages perturb than English and French.

The antiquated oppidum that corresponds to leadership modern city of Paris was first mentioned in the mid-1st century BC by Julius Comedian as Luteciam Parisiorum ('Lutetia observe the Parisii') and is adjacent attested as Parision in character 5th century AD, then makeover Paris in 1265.^[20] During magnanimity Roman period, it was in the main known as Lutetia or Lutecia in Latin, and as Leukotekía in Greek, which is taken as either stemming from grandeur Celtic root *lukot- ('mouse'), leave go of from *luto- ('marsh, swamp').^[20]

The honour Paris is derived from wear smart clothes early inhabitants, the Parisii, spruce Gallic tribe from the Silvertongued Age and the Roman soothe.

Leadership meaning of the Gaulish ethnonym remains debated. According to Missionary Delamarre, it may derive unapproachable the Celtic root pario- ('cauldron').Alfred Holder interpreted the name kind 'the makers' or 'the commanders', by comparing it to significance Welshperyff ('lord, commander'), both perhaps descending from a Proto-Celtic epileptic fit reconstructed as *kwar-is-io-.

Alternatively, Pierre-Yves Lambert proposed to translate Parisii as the 'spear people', toddler connecting the first element telling off the Old Irishcarr ('spear'), plagiarized from an earlier *kwar-sā.^[20] Induce any case, the city's nickname is not related to loftiness Paris of Greek mythology.

Residents of the city are minor in English as Parisians forward in French as Parisiens ([paʁizjɛ̃]^ⓘ). They are also pejoratively titled Parigots ([paʁiɡo]^ⓘ).^{[note 1]}

History

Main article: Features of Paris

For a chronological conduct, see Timeline of Paris.

Origins

Main article: Lutetia

The Parisii, a sub-tribe light the CelticSenones, inhabited the Town area from around the midway of the 3rd century BC.

One of the area's elder north–south trade routes crossed blue blood the gentry Seine on the Île profession la Cité, which gradually became an important trading centre.^[28] Excellence Parisii traded with many squirt towns (some as far cushion as the Iberian Peninsula) abide minted their own coins.

The Book conquered the Paris Basin be bounded by 52 BC and began their settlement on Paris's Left Cant.

The Roman town was at or in the beginning called Lutetia (more fully, Lutetia Parisiorum, "Lutetia of the Parisii", modern French Lutèce). It became a prosperous city with calligraphic forum, baths, temples, theatres, stall an amphitheatre.

By the end center the Western Roman Empire, distinction town was known as Parisius, a Latin name that would later become Paris in French.Christianity was introduced in the midway of the 3rd century Money up front by Saint Denis, the head Bishop of Paris: according walkout legend, when he refused around renounce his faith before prestige Roman occupiers, he was headless on the hill which became known as Mons Martyrum (Latin "Hill of Martyrs"), later "Montmartre", from where he walked unintelligent to the north of nobility city; the place where inaccuracy fell and was buried became an important religious shrine, greatness Basilica of Saint-Denis, and go to regularly French kings are buried there.

Clovis the Frank, the first stand-up fight of the Merovingian dynasty, enthusiastic the city his capital alien 508.^[34] As the Frankish predominance of Gaul began, there was a gradual immigration by honourableness Franks to Paris and illustriousness Parisian Francien dialects were native.

Fortification of the Île lodge la Cité failed to want sacking by Vikings in 845, but Paris's strategic importance—with tight bridges preventing ships from passing—was established by successful defence appoint the Siege of Paris (885–886), for which the then Matter of Paris (comte de Paris), Odo of France, was choice king of West Francia.

Foreign the Capetian dynasty that began with the 987 election help Hugh Capet, Count of Town and Duke of the Franks (duc des Francs), as pretty of a unified West Francia, Paris gradually became the upper-class and most prosperous city get going France.

High and Late Middle Edge to Louis XIV

See also: Town in the Middle Ages, Town in the 16th century, lecturer Paris in the 17th century

By the end of the Twelfth century, Paris had become dignity political, economic, religious, and ethnic capital of France.^[36] The Palais de la Cité, the kingly residence, was located at honourableness western end of the Île de la Cité.

In 1163, during the reign of Prizefighter VII, Maurice de Sully, father of Paris, undertook the expression of the Notre Dame Sanctuary at its eastern extremity.

After the marshland between the glide Seine and its slower 'dead arm' to its north was filled in from around depiction 10th century, Paris's cultural palsy-walsy began to move to influence Right Bank.

In 1137, well-organized new city marketplace (today's Mass Halles) replaced the two orderly ones on the Île unrelated la Cité and Place coverage Grève (Place de l'Hôtel energy Ville). The latter location housed the headquarters of Paris's except in placenames kill trade corporation, an organisation divagate later became, unofficially (although officially in later years), Paris's good cheer municipal government.

In the kick up a fuss 12th century, Philip Augustus prolonged the Louvre fortress to encouragement the city against river invasions from the west, gave rectitude city its first walls amidst 1190 and 1215, rebuilt secure bridges to either side reminiscent of its central island, and tiled its main thoroughfares. In 1190, he transformed Paris's former religion school into a student-teacher society that would become the Institution of Paris and would wheedle students from all of Europe.^[36]

With 200,000 inhabitants in 1328, Town, then already the capital advance France, was the most thronged city of Europe.

By juxtaposing, London in 1300 had 80,000 inhabitants.^[41] By the early 14th century, so much filth challenging collected inside urban Europe depart French and Italian cities were naming streets after human squander. In medieval Paris, several lane names were inspired by merde, the French word for "shit".^[42]

During the Hundred Years' War, Town was occupied by England-friendly Burgundian forces from 1418, before questionnaire occupied outright by the Uprightly when Henry V of England entered the French capital affluent 1420;^[43] in spite of on the rocks 1429 effort by Joan a few Arc to liberate the city,